The Irony in the Ideal Hero - 700 Words

The Irony in the Ideal Hero Beowulf is an epic poem about a great hero in pagan society written by a Christian poet. During the time that Beowulf was written, the Germanic tribes were in flux, transitioning from paganism to Christianity. The conflict between the ideal pagan warrior and Christian ethics is evident throughout the poem. Beowulf is portrayed as the ideal hero because of his bravery, strength, and skill as a warrior; his success over Grendel and Grendel’s mother is rewarded with riches, a typical practice in pagan society. The tenets that make Beowulf a great hero conflict with Christian ideals such as love they neighbor and thou shalt not kill. Peace, mercy, and kindness are essential ethical components of Christianity while†¦show more content†¦People today are still seeking revenge, one could say that a settlement from a lawsuit could be considered a modern day death price, and the death penalty could be synonymous with the more violent forms of revenge performed by Germanic warri ors. The promise of reward is another aspect of Pagan warrior life that conflicts with Christian ethics. Beowulf fights Grendel not only to help save the Danes but also for personal gain. By defeating Grendel, Beowulf is rewarded with land, wealth, and a gleaming reputation as a fierce and courageous warrior. â€Å"There is nothing you wish for/that won’t be yours if you win through alive† (line 660-61). There is a contradiction of the Christian ideal that one should perform good deeds not out of expectation for reward but because it is the righteous thing do. The idea of fighting for personal gain and glory is also antithetical with the value placed on humility in the Christian religion. Beowulf is anything but humble when he boasts about defeating the â€Å"sea-brutes† (line 549) to Unferth in the Great Hall, the night he arrives in Heorot. Beowulf continues to toot his own horn when he declares, â€Å"I will show him how Geats shape to kill/in the heat of ba ttle† (line 602-603). After defeating both Grendel and his mother, Hrothgar awards Beowulf with various riches such as helmet, breast-mail, a sword known as the Hrunting, and eight horses. Later on in the story,Show MoreRelatedThe Representation of Women in Much Ado About Nothing Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesportrayal of women in Much Ado About Nothing. Hero can be easily compared with Beatrice being of a similar class and very close relatives. Then you have the characters of Margaret and Ursula, the servants, who are also very comparable and show a portrayal of women in lower classes. This scene is cementing the idea that the play is a Shakespearean comedy and we can see this because the Party is used to create dramatic irony between Beatrice and Benedick in their amusingRead MoreMankinds Place in the World: Oedipus Essays772 Words   |  4 Pagesto make our prayer as to the man surest in mortal ways and wisest in the ways of God.† (1. Prologue. 35. 43.), the audience can understand Oedipuss role as king and the respect to his power, as with an irony on the fate bestowed upon our hero. As the fate of Oedipus is that of the tragic hero, Aristotles descriptions of simple and complex plots within a tragedy lead to such â€Å"events that are fearful and pathetic (Aristotle. 70). As Aristotle said that a tragedy should evoke two emotions: terrorRead MoreComparison of Oedipus the King and Death of a Salesman Essay1025 Words   |  5 Pagesplay are setting, irony, plot, characters, and theme, which will be discussed in the essay. Oedipus the King opens in a Greek amphitheatre depicting the front of a Theban palace. Throughout the play, the setting remains constant. This changes to a more fast-paced play with different settings in different places in Death of a Salesman. Dramatic irony in Oedipus the King is evident throughout, which is similar to the latter play, but in a different form. In here, the irony is evident. OedipusRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight contains ambiguity and irony that make it interesting to read and teach. Gawain’s conflict arose when he accepted the girdle that could protect him and when he lied to his host, severing fellowship with the lord for courtesy with the lady. By utilizing a social reconstructionist philosophy of teaching that emphasizes personal beliefs and ethics, a teacher will help the students establish their identities and learn to appreciate classic literature. Sir Gawain and theRead MoreAnalysis Of Byrons Poem1306 Words   |  6 Pages One such work is Byron’s, Don Juan. The poem follows the adventures of the Spanish hero Don Juan. He travels around the world and gets involved in bizarre situations, usually due to a romantic interest. The poem seems to share more similarities with the epic tradition than Wordsworth’s. Don Juan’s titular character, like many heroes in other epics, pre-existed the Byron poems. The story is vast in scale; it follows Don Juan’s adventures in love and travel. Juan’s adventures pull him from situationRead More Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and the Tragic Hero Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesGatsby and the Tragic Hero      Ã‚  Ã‚   Aristotle invented a list of criteria in an attempt to determine the exact definition of a tragic hero.   The list states the following - the tragic hero must cause his own down fall; the tragic heros fate is undeserved; the tragic heros punishment exceeds his crime; the tragic hero must be a great and noble person according to the standards of the current society.   In Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby can be defined as a tragic hero who possesses all ofRead MoreMaking difficult decisions show up in life more often than realized. These choices can alter a800 Words   |  4 Pagesthe end leads the characters to discover themselves. In both stories the authors use the literary devices theme, irony and symbolism to compare and contrast the main ideas. In â€Å"The Bicycle† Horton illustrates the theme of making difficult choices. The choices Hannah makes alters her life in positive and negative ways. Being completely devoted to the life of a pianist seemed to be the ideal choice at first, but in the end she realized how much of her childhood she had lost and how lonely she became.Read MoreVerbal Irony In Oedipus Rex941 Words   |  4 Pages‘Oedipus Rex’ is a tragic play written by Sophocles, that is known for its countless examples of irony found within it. The story of Oedipus is a classic Greek tragedy. Oedipus is the son of King Laius and Queen Jocasta in Thebes. The Oracle at Delphi reveals to them the tragic fate within their family. Their son Oedipus was destined to kill his father and marry his mother. To try and prevent this horrendous fate, King Laius sends his son to be terminated at the mountain of Kithairon. Although KingRead MoreSophocles Oedipus Rex as Modern Tragedy Essay examples1184 Words    |  5 Pagesliterary studies. So, for the purposes here we’ll use Aristotle’s five criteria of a tragedy: a tragic hero of noble birth, a tragic flaw or mistake, a fall from grace, a moment of remorse, and catharsis. By any standard, Oedipus Rex clearly meets these five criteria. In The Poetics, Aristotle uses Oedipus to illustrate the ideal tragedy. Aristotle writes Oedipus is a model tragic hero because he is a man of high standing, but not perfect (he is guilty of excessive pride and self righteousness)Read MoreOedipus The King : A Tragic Hero1541 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle (384-322 B.C.) defines a tragic hero as one who possesses the characteristics of hamartia, peripeteia, anagnorisis, and that the characters fate must be greater than deserved (Else). Since the main character in Sophocles’ classic tragedy Oedipus Rex or Oedipus the King matches up to Aristotle’s definition, Oedipus certainly exemplifies what it is to be a â€Å"tragic hero.† The play’s protagonist Oedipus is revered as a good man and intelligent ruler who acts quickly to support Thebes- a city

Anne Boleyn Essay examples - 2136 Words

On Friday, May 19, 1536, Anne Boleyn, former Queen of England, was executed for high treason and adultery, her head severed from her body by an expert swordsman, the only concession given her by her ex-husband King Henry VIII. How, in so short a time, had the woman that Henry had defied the religious tradition of England for, divorcing his wife and changing the history of religion in his country, whom he pursued relentlessly for years, fallen so far, so quickly? To understand one must examine Henry’s desperate need for a male heir, understand the politics of the time, and the personality of Anne Boleyn herself. Anne’s involvement with religion, politics, foreign affairs and fashion are still being seen centuries after her death. Filled†¦show more content†¦In Anne’s adolescent years, she reached the minimum age of â€Å"Fille D’Honneur† and moved into the court of Archduchess Margaret Fraser in France where her love of fashion was spark ed. After serving on the Archduchess’ court, Anne went on to be in the court of Mary Tudor, sister of King Henry VIII and wife of King Louis XII. Because of Anne’s high profile position, she had to keep with the latest French fashion trends such as the French hood and dress styles. When Mary Tudor returned to England, Anne decided to stay in France for the next six to seven years and continued her education in the ways of the French court. The young Anne grew into a delightfully charming young lady, blessed with all the social graces a courtier at that time could possibly hope for. During that time King Henry came to France to meet the French King, Francis I, and it was here that King Henry most likely first met Anne. People questioned what Henry saw in Anne because she was not considered beautiful by the era’s standards. Anne had long dark hair, dim olive colored skin and large dark brown eyes that to some, appeared black. Her multiple â€Å"imperfection s† that so greatly impacted her style were questioned by Henry’s courtiers. It was said that she had an extra finger on one of her hands and a large mole on her neck that she would try to hide. She long-sleeved dresses and a black ribbon around her neck to hide an unsightly mole.Show MoreRelatedAnne Boleyn950 Words   |  4 PagesAna Bolena – Anne Boleyn 1501(1507)-1536 Queen of England 1533-1536 Mother of Elizabeth I Information about the early years of Anne Boleyn is almost non-existence; her birth has been dated from 1501 to 1507. Although information about her parents is abundant. Her father, Sir Thomas Boleyn, was named Sir in 1503. He was fluent with the languages, which allowed him to travel through Europe under the King’s orders and be part of important meetings. He was one of the bodyguards that took theRead MoreAnne Boleyn - Paper1823 Words   |  8 PagesAnne Boleyn lived a strategic lifestyle in the English court of Henry VIII. As a pawn of her family, she went from a small girl in the French court to the queen. Henry had an obsession with Anne and would stop at nothing until they were together causing many long term affects on England. Many people had different contrasting views of Anne Boleyn; on one hand she was viewed as a jezebel or concubine by the Catholics but at the same time she was viewed as a saintly queen by protestant writers. BothRead MoreThe Other Boleyn Girl By Anne Boleyn2145 Words   |  9 Pages The Other Boleyn Girl is a 2008 feature film based on the ambitious rise and fall of Anne Boleyn and her family. The two sisters Anne and Mary Boleyn fight for the heart and bed of King Henry VIII of England only to find heartache and betrayal in their path. Becoming with child as well as becoming Queen of England was the beginning of Anne’s descent. Having a miscarriage of a son and trying to convince her brother George to have carnal relations with her to get her re-pregnant was highRead MoreElizabeth Woodville And Anne Boleyn1747 Words   |  7 Pagesmanners, or less. However, many women found themselves contributing to the formation of postmodern constructs of marriage for love, p artnership, and fidelity. Foremost among these, temporally and popularly, are the examples of Elizabeth Woodville and Anne Boleyn. Undoubtedly, these cases hold great significance to cultural studies of the temporal periods in which the English identify as participants, but they also aid in seeing the eventual popular degradation of women from chaste matrons and aloof maidensRead MoreThe Tragic Demise Of Anne Boleyn2428 Words   |  10 Pagesequal weight to the same piece of evidence. The tragic demise of Anne Boleyn is one of those events in history that has been observed from any and all possible angle in order to understand what truly happened. And still, historians often disagree. This paper will attempt to show four historians’ perspective on the reason why Anne was accused of treason and the theory they each favour. From the thought of a political coup against Anne and some of the members of the King’s Privy Chamber to the ideaRead MoreAnne Boleyn - Original Wri ting869 Words   |  4 Pageswaves, finding peace in it. Many years Anne Boleyn had stayed on the Island of Estonina, through the grace of the pure blood vampire Queen Natassa, but she still often longed for her home. Darious, a man who served Natassa, had stayed in England to report things about Elizabeth to Anne. Now news had come that Anne s daughter would be crowned Queen of England, which filled Anne s heart with both joy and saddness. When her child had only been the tender age of 2 Anne was to be beheaded for false crimesRead MoreAnne Boleyn: A Victim of Politics Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesOn Friday, May 19, 1536, Anne Boleyn, former Queen of England, was executed for high treason and adultery, her head severed from her body by an expert swordsman, the only concession given her by her ex-husband King Henry VIII. How, in so short a time, had the woman that Henry had defied the religious tradition of England for, divorcing his wife and changing the history of religion i n his country, whom he pursued relentlessly for years, fallen so far, so quickly? To understand one must examine Henry’sRead MoreA Brief History of the Life of Anne Boleyn, An Outline Essay696 Words   |  3 PagesAnne Boleyn: A Brief History Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the life of Anne Boleyn and the impact she had on the English monarchy. Introduction I. Attention-Getter: I am come hither to accuse no man, nor to speak anything of that, whereof I am accused and condemned to die, but I pray God save the king and send him long to reign over you, for a gentler nor a more merciful prince was there never: and to me he was ever a good, a gentle and sovereign lord. (Anne Boleyn Bio,Read MoreAnne Boleyn s The First Wife Of Henry Viii Essay2301 Words   |  10 Pages Anne Boleyn is a figure that continues to fascinate us centuries after she met her end on the scaffold. The story goes that King Henry struggles with his conscience when it becomes clear that his wife Catherine will not give him a male heir. He meets Anne and falls in love, and as a consequence breaks with Rome and the Holy Roman Catholic Church to marry her. When she too fails to produce the elusive son he desires he has her executed. The second wife of Henry VIII, Anne’s is a biography thatRead MoreThe Reformation Of The King s Romance With Anne Boleyn Or Popula r Discontent Essay1860 Words   |  8 Pagesprevent another succession crisis, like those of 1453 and 1461. In doing so, the essay will provide evidence that supports the prominence of this claim over the claims that religious differences with the Catholic Church, the King’s romance with Anne Boleyn or popular discontent with the Roman Catholic Church are the decisive factors of the revolution. Firstly, the essay sheds light onto the events that led to the reformation under the stewardship of King Henry VIII. In doing so it will contest the

Discuss Research Into The Breakdown Of Romantic Relationships Free Essays

One piece of research into the breakdown of romantic relationships is from Duck (1982). According to his phase model of the breakup of a relationship, it all begins with the breakdown of the relationship where there is dissatisfaction within the relationship. These dissatisfied partners then begin to consider all the problems within the relationship, thinking mostly about the relational ‘costs’ which develops a resentment for the relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss Research Into The Breakdown Of Romantic Relationships or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is known as the intra-psychic phase. Once a threshold of being unable to withstand the relationship anymore, the dissatisfied partner expresses their uncertainties about the relationship and so the dyadic phase has been reached and the couple will re-assess their goals, possibilities and commitment. If this is not successful, the social phase has been reached where the decision to leave the relationship is made and is publically discussed between third parties. Next, self-justifications and version-makings of the breakup are offered, which is known as the grave-dressing phase. Finally, the individuals will attempt to recreate a sense of their own social values, by preparing for different types of future relationships and knowing what they wish to get out of them, known as the resurrection process. The evolutionary perspective on relationship breakdown is another explanation into the breakdown of romantic relationships. Perilloux and Buss (2008) have developed an explanation of why evolution might have shaped the behaviour of rejecters and rejectees differently. Their research is based on four main predictions. The first prediction is the costs related to emotional investment. In a relationship, women will consider the costs of losing the stability of a relationship whereas, if a male has high emotional investment in a relationship, he is more likely to share his resources. However, if the relationship breaks down, the male may leave his children unsupported. This highlights the importance of a males resources to the female, who will experience higher costs associated with the loss of emotional investment from their male partner. The second prediction is increasing commitment as a response to the threat of a break up. A woman will value emotional commitment highly in mates, especially to ensure the survival of any offspring, so males threatened with relationship breakdown may employ strategies to exploit this, possibly increasing their commitment for example, by suggesting marriage. The third prediction is infidelity. This may be a deliberate attempt to break up a relationship with a relatively poor-quality mate, in order to make way for a higher-quality mate. The final prediction is managing reputational damage where a rejecter may be perceived as being cruel and heartless by peers, whereas the rejectee is frequently perceived as the victim. In order to prevent any reputational damage, the rejecters will be motivated to minimize any reputational damage and make efforts to be seen as reasonable and compassionate rather than cruel and heartless. A strength of Duck’s phase model is that it is supported by observations of real life break-ups. Researchers Tashiro and Frazier (2003) surveyed undergraduates who had recently broken up with a romantic partner and they reported that they not only experienced emotional distress, but also personal growth. These students reported that breaking up with their partner had given them new insights into themselves and a clearer idea about future partners. Through grave-dressing and resurrection processes they were able to put the original relationship to rest and get on with their lives. However, a weakness of this study is that Tashiro and Frazier surveyed undergraduates, meaning that they may not have been in a relationship for a long time so therefore would not experience the stages of breakdown as such because they are much younger so therefore may not take into consideration the loss of costs so this therefore weakens the validity of their study. Another strength of Ducks phase model of breakdown is that the model stresses the importance of communication in relationship breakdown. Paying attention to the things that people say, the topics that they discuss and the ways in which they talk about their relationship offers both an insight into their stage and also suggests interventions appropriate to that stage. If the relationship was in the intra-psychic stage for example, repair might involve re-establishing a liking for the partner, possibly by re-evaluating their behaviour in a more positive light. In the later stages, different strategies of repair are appropriate such as in the social phase, third parties may be able to help the partners patch up their differences. This highlights the positive implications of the model, and how it can help couples amend the relationship, despite reaching later stages. However, a weakness of Duck’s phase model and research into rejecters and rejectees is that there are ethical issues within the breakdown research. When carrying out research in this sensitive area, it often raises issues of vulnerability, privacy and confidentiality. For example, a woman in an abusive relationship may fear recrimination from her abuser should he discover her participation in the research. Ultimately, the researcher faces a choice of protecting a participant’s safety or pursuing this valuable information. Therefore, it is hard to measure the issues which led to the breakdown effectively. A limitation of the evolutionary perspective on relationships is that it is deterministic. The evolutionary perspective neglects personal choice and environmental influences, claiming that human behaviour is influenced by adaptations that developed in the Stone Age. This makes sense only if the environmental challenges remain static over evolutionary time. However, if the environment is dynamic rather than static, then the only human that would be adaptive is one that is flexible and responsive in any social and physical environment they are in. In some environments, it may be adaptive for males and females to act in the ways suggested, but not in all. For example, nowadays, due to changes within our environment it has enabled women to be less dependent on men for their resources. This therefore challenges the claim of these being universal human behaviours as it has ignored the dynamic nature of relationship breakdown. Another limitation of the evolutionary perspective on relationships is that is gender biased. Researcher Hollway (1989) argues that gender differences evident in the relationship behaviour of males and females reflect less the role of evolutionary forces and more the shared cultural discourses of the different sexes. These discourses are patterns of thinking and communication that are common within one gender but not the other within a particular culture. For example, with the ‘male sexual drive’ discourse, a man may be more likely to report greater infidelity. However, Holloway claims this is not because they are like that by ‘nature’, but because there is a cultural discourse that instructs him how to act on the basis of his sex. In the case of breakdowns, gender differences in how an individual reacts may be less determined by our adaptive biology and more to do with what males and females believe is the appropriate way to behave given that they are products of gender-specific socialization within that society. Overall, evolutionary explanations of sex differences in this area represent a gender-biased representation of how males and females behave during relationship break-ups. .mce-content-body .mce-resizehandle.wildfire-hover { background: rgb(0, 0, 0); }; .mce-content-body [contenteditable="false"] [contenteditable="true"].wildfire-hover { outline: rgb(122, 202, 255) solid 2px; }; .mce-content-body img.wp-media.wildfire-hover { background-color: rgb(237, 237, 237); border-color: rgb(114, 119, 124); };a[data-wplink-url-error], a[data-wplink-url-error].wildfire-hover, a[data-wplink-url-error]:focus { outline: rgb(220, 50, 50) dotted 2px; position: relative; }; How to cite Discuss Research Into The Breakdown Of Romantic Relationships, Essays

Dealing with Workplace Romance-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Drawing on relevant literature as well as insight from this module, discuss the policies and processes organizations need to put in place to manage the aftermath of dissolved workplace romance. Answer: Introduction For quite some time, employees have been exposed to workplace romance, which makes it necessary to divert all attention to the menace as it reduces organizational performance. According to (Alder, 2014), workplace romance is a relationship between two organization members with the presence of sexual attraction, communicated affection and recognition of the relationship as something more than just a mere professional platonic. Statistics reveal that in the world 40-47% of employees have been involved in workplace romance in their workplace. From the 47% involved employees, the stats further show that 20% of them were receptive to an office romance. According to (Azeez, 2016), workplace romance comes along when two members of the same organization develop a relationship that has mutual attraction. The author holds that the romance may damage both morale and productivity in the workplace where organizations are in a state of imbroglio regarding whether to handle the workplace relationsh ip or not because they have not made out which department can be charged with the mandate of handling the situation. Research shows that the number of organizations has written policies for workplace romance has doubled since the year 2005(Tengberg, 2014). Even though organizations are embracing policies to deal with the workplace relationships, the percentage of those involved has not been declining due to two reasons; firstly, many people decide to keep it a secret and therefore no one can notice, secondly, with the advent of social media and virtual connectivity relationships can easily be made and managed. Background information The reason as to why individuals engage in workplace romance has been a real paradox. Many are the people who have been digging into the matter to establish reasons for the same, but most of them come up with squinting evidence and unrealistic reasons. Anyway, various reasons lead to workplace romance depending on whom and who is involved in the romance. According to (Fritz, 2014), workplace romance is brought about by several motives. The first motive is time. When individuals intermingle for some time at the workplace, a relationship develops naturally just the same case as when student interact for a long time in schools such as universities and colleges. Another motive is ease of opportunity. The motive holds that work provides close proximity of coworkers. The most fundamental reason for this motive is the aspect of covering things together, traveling together and doing many things together making it easy to share the same experiences. It is also encouraged by the fact that one is likely to meet a person having similar interests to his regarding their belief system(Rumens, 2017). Another major cause is the hook-ups. Research shows that some of the workplace romances are brought about by the desire to have physical relationships. Some of the people involved have testified that it is purely physical and that it could continue forever if both parties are willing participants. (Belinda, 2017), says that intensive emergency oriented tasks make relationship migrate from work to being personal. Sometimes intensity blasts through relationship boundaries. However, time factor tends to erode these boundaries. When people spend more time together, they become more comfortable with each other and begin establishing some attraction. When they became more comfortable, they begin sharing more. The sharing makes them start viewing themselves as a couple which is partnered together. These people begin viewing themselves in a rational context where sometimes coworkers reinforce this perception if being a couple by recognizing them jointly as well as praising them for their achievement(Shuck, 2017). In that case of a relationship, there comes a time when one both of them loosens up allowing their boundary to slip. If they are not careful enough to repeatedly reestablish the boundaries between their relationships within a certain framework, then the partners will stop vie wing their relationship as a normal professional platonic but rather something more romantic. Considering the number of working hours, most ones time is spend working in an office. A combination of time spent together, the intensity and partnering caused by tasks that are related to work, breed workplace romance. From the above discussion, it is precisely clear that workplace romance is something that evolves slowly and over a long period depending on the participants. It is purely natural and sometimes people find themselves into it unawareness. It is arguably true that most of the workplace relationships are not planned but develops over time as a result of daily interactions, and spending time together(Mohammad, 2016). Even though workplace romance is natural, the good news is that it can as well be avoided in several ways. One of these ways is keeping professional. As discussed earlier, workplace romance comes along when one or both parties loosen and the boundaries between their relationship slips. When corrective measures are not taken to re-establish the professionalism of their relationship, then workplace romance comes along(Freeman, 2015). When individuals remain professional and do their job, workplace romance may be avoided. This move also calls for professionalism in the use of s ocial media. Loosening up in social media fuels workplace romance. Main focus As discussed earlier in this paper, there are varying causes of workplace romance. Since that has been dealt with and we have already known that it is something that is not factual, it becomes imperative to get a glimpse of the impacts of workplace romance dissolution. Sometimes these relationships come to an end with both parties continuing to work in the same organization. That brings a state of bad feeling and discomfort in the workplace. It leads to disunity and teamwork goes down. Workplace romance dissolution brings about workplace complications as the coworkers eliminate even the professional relationship they had(Lu, 2017). That has a negative impact on productivity. Overall, dissolution of a workplace romance has numerous effects, and it, therefore, becomes imperative to develop policies and strategies to manage its aftermath. Companies or organizations can respond to the same using different policies and processes. Firstly, awareness programs and training are very important . Both the victims of a dissolved workplace romance are left in a state of confusion, and that may adversely affect their performance and in the organization and therefore they ought to be supported to fight the situation and ease the transition. Human beings are shaped in such a way that it is hard to find consolation within oneself and this prompts the importance of awareness programs and training. The organization ought to develop a team that advises the victims of a dissolved workplace romance and help them get out of it successfully(Johansson, 2017). Whenever dissolution of the relationships occurs, victims should be free to get assistance from a pre-existing body solely put up for dealing with such issues where the victims are counseled stepwise and informed of the dos and don'ts for a quick recovery. Sexual harassment lawsuit is another critical policy aimed at managing a dissolved workplace romance. In most of the times, workplace romance is vertical where the senior target the junior employees with claims of providing favors. Sometimes these lower level employees turn down the offer. Unrelenting employees suffer sexual assault and harassment. That may prompt them to file a lawsuit. The company must set up guidelines on the filing of the lawsuit, its implications as well as to what extent would sexually assault call for sexual harassment lawsuit compensation(Cowan, 2016). Victims of sexual assault should have the freedom of finding legal assistance whenever the need arises. Sometimes support in this manner may call for the provision of a lawyer for the assaulted victim by the organization in case he/she does not have one. This approach is one of the best because it ensures that victims transit easily and that those caught with offenses are subjected to the required legal punishm ent to ensure that they dont repeat the same and that others employees shun the behavior. Protecting the employees is yet another crucial strategy. In most of the times, the voiceless employees give into workplace relationships due to fear and lack of policies protecting them. However, the good news is that most of the organizations in the modern day world are embracing and implementing workplace romance policies to protect junior employees(Clegg, 2016). While that is happening, workplace romance has not yet come to a halt. An organization, therefore, ought to have a completely functional policy which put forward the disciplinary actions that are to be taken by officers sexually assaulting employees. The framework should comprise provisions giving a stern warning to those planning to do the same. Employees should always have the feeling that they are protected and that their rights cant be easily are violated and exposed to sexual torture(Bellmore, 2015). In case if an ended workplace relationship, the organization should protect the victims of any danger such as seclusio n. Victims of a terminated workplace romance should not at any time lose their sense of self-worth in the organization. Both they and their property in the organization must be secure to be able to recover faster. Another crucial practice an organization can take to deal with the aftermath of a dissolved workplace romance is the protection of the ex-partner. After an ended relationship, usually, one of the partners considered to be the cause of the dissolution is ill-treated. Ill-treatment involves aspects such as hatred, betrayal in the face of the employer, physical violence, and even assassination(Bhebhe, 2019). An organization should protect such a victim so that nothing bad appears to him or her. In the organization environment, the victim should not feel like an outcast and should be given equal opportunities as the rest of the employees. To adequately protect the ex-partner, the organization can come up with a framework of rules and regulations prohibiting any type of violence within and without the organization for its employees(Chan-Serafin, 2017). The policies should show consequences of deviation from the stipulations. Sometimes the impact of a dissolved workplace romance is too hug e that a victim may end up losing his or her job. An organization should provide job security for the ex-partner. Even if a higher employee attempts to cancel the contract of a lower employee who turned down or broke a relationship, the company should stand for the truth and protect the job of the victimization victim. While an organization has a role to play in the management of the aftermath of a dissolved workplace romance, it also should be appreciated that the victims also have a critical role to play. When the organization is playing its part, an individual victim should play his or her role too. For instance, a victim should keep professional and treat the ex-partner as a co-worker(Byun, 2014). That can be achieved by making all the communications polite and professional even than any other person. Another management strategy is avoiding gossiping about the ex-partner and limit interactions with the person. One ought to channel all his/her energy in work and stop focusing or thinking about the broken relationship. Conclusion Workplace romance is evident in both modern dual and ancient workplaces. These workplace relationships are usually fuelled by long conduct hours together as well as a sense of commonness among the same organization employees. Employee trips and tours also increase the chances of workplace romance. In some cases, senior employees demand workplace relationships with junior employees in exchange for other favors within the workplace. That is something that against both work and leadership ethics. The advent of social media and virtual connectivity has eased the beginning and maintenance of workplace romance. Organizations have a moral duty and obligation to protect their employees from sexual assault as well as ex-partners from any harm. Individual employees also have a role to play in dealing with the aftermath of a dissolved workplace romance. Conclusively, workplace romance, however natural, it can be avoided by remaining professional and keeping a professional boundary between fello w employees. References Alder, G., 2014. Rethinking love at the office: Antecedents and consequences of coworker evaluations of workplace romances. Human Resource Management, 5(8), pp.76-89. Azeez, N., 2016. Perceived Workplace romance motives. In Academy of Management Proceedings In Academy of Management Proceedings of Management., 76(4), pp.45-59. Belinda, C., 2017. Adult Attachment and Workplace Romance Motives. An Examination of the Association Between Romantic Relationship Dynamics and Employee Work Outcome, 7(9), pp.56-74. Bellmore, A., 2015. The trouble with bullying in high school: issues and considerations in its conceptualization. Adolescent research review, 5(7), pp.47-68. Bhebhe, M., 2019. Workplace Romance: Rationale for Human Resource Practitioners Intervention. A Case of a Local Authority in Zimbabwe, 5(8), pp.84-89. Byun, K., 2014. You Can Get Fired for Flirting. Critique of Sex Discrimination Law in the Workplace through Nelson, 7(8), pp.35-47. Chan-Serafin, S., 2017. The perils of dating your boss: The role of hierarchical workplace romance and sex on evaluators career advancement decisions for lower status romance participants. Journal of Social Responsibility, 6(8), pp.77-93. Clegg, S., 2016. Powers of romance: the liminal challenges of managing organizational intimacy. Journal of Management Inquiry, 6(8), pp.53-78. Cowan, R., 2015. Understanding Information and Communication Technology Use in Workplace Romance Escalation and De-Escalation. International Journal of Business Communication, 6(78), pp.71-86. Cowan, R., 2016. Love at the office? Understanding workplace romance disclosures and reactions from the coworker perspective. Western Journal of Communication, 6(8), pp.56-89. Freeman, R., 2015. Gender Issues in the Workplace. Darden Business Publishing Cases, 7(3), pp.48-53. Fritz, J., 2014. Researching workplace relationships: What can we learn from qualitative organizational studies? Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 4(8), pp.76-89. Johansson, S., 2017. Desires and taboos: Sexual relationships between coaches and athletes. International journal of sports science coaching, 7(6), pp.87-90. Lu, J., 2017. Close intercultural friendships and romantic relationships spark creativity, workplace innovation, and entrepreneurship. Journal of Applied Ethics, 3(7), pp.43-56. Mohammad, J., 2016. Ill do whatever I want who are you to prohibit me?. A tattle tale of workplace deviance, 5(89), pp.65-79. Rumens, N., 2017. Researching workplace friendships: Drawing insights from the sociology of friendship. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 6(23), pp.68-75. Shuck, B., 2017. Co-workers with benefits: The influence of commitment uncertainty and status on employee engagement in romantic workplace relationships. Journal of Management Development, 47(86), pp.56-98. Tengberg, L., 2014. Workplace Romances:"Going to Work Is Amazing and Fun." International Journal of Psychological Studies, 7(7), pp.27-45

21st Century Education Essays

21st Century Education Essays 21st Century Education Essay 21st Century Education Essay We want stronger relationships with their instructors. with each other and with their communities locally. provincially. nationally and globally We want instructors to cognize how we learn. to take into history what we understand and what we misunderstand and use this cognition as a get downing topographic point to steer our continued acquisition. We want to be able to work with others in the schoolroom. online and in our community. We want to be able to pick up our information anyplace. anytime We want indepth acquisition. We need feedback in clip to assist us larn and in clip do something about it. This literary chef-doeuvre has the best description of the students/learners of the twenty-first century. They have so many conditions and aspirations with respects to their learning procedure. This will besides assist the instructors of the twenty-first century to be ready and bear with these conditions of the leaners. TREATING MY Student I treat each of my pupils every bit. giving them a opportunity to take duty for their ain acquisition. express themselves. and larn at their ain gait. I besides encourage them to make collaboratively that can advance non merely teamwork. but besides healthy competition. I believe my biggest invention is giving pupils a opportunity to demo their abilities and to work in coaction in a technology-integrated and cultural acquisition environment. I will besides see their single acquisition manners. The followers are some tips that should be see in handling our pupils in a nice and good manner. Let pupils take their wagess. Make a list of acceptable wagess for first-class public presentation. either for single pupils or the category as a whole. and allow your pupils communally make up ones mind how they want to be rewarded. This will assist do certain that the wages is an existent inducement. instead than merely something you’ve pushed on them that doesn’t actuate them to work harder. Don’t see failure. see chance. When a pupil has made a error. don’t portray it that manner. Don’t see it as a failure and don’t allow them see it as a failure. Show them that it is a learning experience. a manner for them to see how wrong consequences are achieved. Let them seek once more and gently demo them how to make it right. Remember. don’t say wrong . Say close or good try . Remember that a accomplishment learned through test and mistake will be much stronger than one which a pupil may merely acquire right on accident or through agencies they don’t to the full understand. Make them experience alone and needed. Acknowledge and appreciate each pupil separately. for the qualities which make them alone and fantastic human existences. Promote those qualities. You should besides do each pupil feel like they have something to offer and lend. This will raise their assurance and assist them to happen their proper way in life. Acknowledge their attempts. Even if pupils make lone occasional. little attempts. those attempts need to be acknowledged and appreciated. State them when they’ve done a good occupation. separately. and intend it. Don’t be sponsoring. be appreciative. If they’ve worked peculiarly difficult. honor them. Give regard. It is highly of import to esteem your pupils. It doesn’t affair if they’re alumnus pupils working on a doctorial thesis or preschoolers: handle them like intelligent. capable human existences. Respect that they have thoughts. emotions. and lives that extend beyond your schoolroom. Treat them with self-respect and they will widen the same to you. Teaching MY Student One can’t believe impossible things. I daresay you haven’t had much pattern. said the Queen. When I was your age I ever did it for half-an-hour a twenty-four hours. Why. sometimes I’ve believed every bit many as six impossible things before breakfast. Lewis Carroll. Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Your Assignment. Should You Choose to Accept It. . . Like Alice. many pedagogues. policy shapers and even the general public respond resoundingly with That’s impossible! when challenged to follow a new paradigm of instruction for the twenty-first century. Most people today adhere to a paradigm of instruction that is purely nineteenth century. But. like the Queen. a turning figure of pedagogues are believing in and carry throughing the impossible . Scott McLeod. in his web log. Dangerously Irrelevant. late reminded us of a line from Mission Impossible. and we must use that challenge to all of society. Your assignment. should you take to accept it is to take instruction genuinely into the twenty-first century. It is non adequate to state that we are already populating at that place. Technically it is the twenty-first century. but our schools are non at that place. and our challenge now is to reinvent schools for the twenty-first century – for the interest of our kids. our pupils and the public assistance of our universe. Making such a paradigm displacement is non easy. After all. when any of us thinks of instruction. we normally think of what we knew as school – the manner it has ever been. That is how parents. policy shapers. politicians and many pupils think of school. But we have to do the paradigm displacement to twenty-first century instruction. So what is twenty-first century instruction? It is bold. It breaks the cast. It is flexible. originative. disputing. and complex. It addresses a quickly changing universe filled with antic new jobs every bit good as exciting new possibilities. Fortunately. there is a turning organic structure of research back uping an increasing figure of twenty-first century schools. We have populating cogent evidence. animating illustrations to follow. in schools across the United States. These schools vary. but are united in the basicss of twenty-first century instruction – see Critical Attributes of twenty-first Century Education and Multiple Literacies for the twenty-first Century. Scott McLeod has issued the challenge of making a program to acquire us from here to there . I feel that its about clip that person address’s the issues that face many pupils in the twenty-first century. The twenty-first century is a great topographic point ; a dynamic topographic point that is germinating to the point where no 1 can foretell what the universe will be like in the old ages to come. Technology drives our planet and everyday we are acquiring closer and closer to happening the solutions to many of life’s jobs. Society itself is altering in the sense that there is no longer one route to success. The chances that are out at that place do it possible for the mundane single to do a difference in his community with nil more than the laptop in his book back and the diligence to do his dreams possible. The success of these persons is mostly due to the connectivity and will of the mundane adult male. The Internet is an unfastened web where people portion information that they feel would do life easier. information that would interrupt down the walls that s tand in our manner. The issue being with all this information and pupils in the twenty-first century is that we are still populating in the good old yearss. Our schools train us to go through but non to stand out. Thingss like funding prevent schools from researching Fieldss that are revolutionising our universe. Our pupils are the 1s who pay the monetary value for life in a universe that believes we can populate in a universe that ignores the alterations being made. That in good clip our pupils will larn to accommodate to the alterations and manage it all on their ain. But that isn’t the instance. We are contending two conflicts that are invariably rushing to the top: 1 that promotes the simple life and the other that promotes alteration. Both sides have their pros and both sides have their cons. But something demands to be done. We have to happen a manner to learn our pupils the basicss while fixing them for a universe that is driven by engineering. Purpose and coaction is all it will take to s upply our pupils with the way needed to be successful in the twenty-first century. It’s difficult to believe but experiences is cardinal to learning pupils in the 21st century. As adults we can understand what these pupils are traveling through. We know what it feels like to be a pupil at that age and the hardships they face. Therefore wouldn’t it do more sense to learn these pupils non to do the same error we made as pupils. To learn them how to face the challenges we one time faced and what to make otherwise when that clip comes. But in a universe where money restricts what we are able to carry through. it seems about impossible to make this. Support prevents the mundane school from advancing categories in Fieldss that are revolutionising our universe. Funding stops our schools from holding up to day of the month stuffs. And support is what will stultify the universe we live in. An efficient solution must be found that eliminate the dollar mark that stands in the manner of these schools. in the manner of these pupils. Technology is one solution to t his job. The chief intent of engineering is to contrive something that provides a new or better manner of making something ; something that is cost efficient and provides room for enlargement. These are the tools we should be fiting our pupils with. It would supply them with the same instruction they are acquiring from the text editions they are so used to. The books will go on to be but will no longer be the lone resource our pupils are exposed to. The logic behind learning pupils with engineering in the twenty-first century is that engineering entreaties more to pupils in a universe driven by engineering. The mean pupil knows what a computing machine is. is portion of a societal web of some kind. and has used engineering to assist them make something in their mundane lives. It would therefore do perfect sense to utilize what they use so much as a instruction tool. Technology isn’t merely entertaining ; it’s besides educational. Hundreds of tutorials are out at that place and mundane new and better plans are being created. The people themselves who make these plans made them with the exclusive intent of provide an easier. better manner of making something. They are discoverers. applied scientists. and they’re besides instructors. They’re people who saw a job and found a solution. These are the type of people we should be actuating our pupils to be like. We should be learning our pupil non to accept t hings the manner they are but the manner they should be. Purpose is another important component when it comes to learning pupils in the twenty-first century. The tools being used will hold no consequence if there is no purpose behind their usage. Teaching in the twenty-first century is therefore a dynamic procedure. There isn’t a simple reply in footings of how to learn in the twenty-first century. It requires creativeness and resourcefulness non found in the simple life style we are learning our pupils to populate in. The intent behind learning in the twenty-first century would be to happen easier. more dynamic ways of learning pupils with higher ends and outlooks. Motivating pupils to be the best they can be and demoing them how to work towards that end. That things such as money. fright. and uncertainties shouldn’t be the ground to make the lower limit but should alternatively remind us that as a pupil in the twenty-first century you should be good rounded and resourceful ; ready to take whatever life throws at you. As a pupil in the twenty-first century you have to retrieve that you do non stand entirely ; that coaction is a cardinal and really powerful component in this thought of learning pupils in the twenty-first century with engineering. As a drive force the possibilities are endless. The community facet and project-based acquisition that comes with learning in the twenty-first century is what will supply the immense turnout in pupils who excel non merely in the schoolroom. but besides in life. Collaboration is what makes this window of chance possible. It teaches pupils how to work together and provides them with existent universe experience. Collaboration helps a pupil see that the life isn’t all about endurance of the fittest but set uping connexions and utilizing the connectivity available to bring forth consequences and motivate alteration. This is what makes learning in the twenty-first century with engineering different from through the simple life and the belief that go thro ughing is more of import than stand outing. Neither thought is perfect. At the terminal of the twenty-four hours it all comes down to the pupils. The information we provide and the influence we are able to do is what will finally make up ones mind what our pupils are able to carry through. The usage of engineering and the deduction of twenty-first century accomplishments in a universe driven by engineering is what unfastened Windowss of chances to pupils all across the Earth. Students in the twenty-first century are good cognizant of the hardships they face ; so cognizant that they would fear taking a opportunity and pursing Fieldss where they might non mensurate up. Our schools push this thought frontward alternatively of carrying pupils to prosecute these celebrated callings. What pupils in the twenty-first century demand is way and alteration. We need existent universe experience that proves to that there is a manner and that accepting things the manner they are is accepting licking. If you want to see the hereafter of instruction. don’t watch kids in the mean schoolroom. Watch kids play a picture game. You’ll see them engaged. excited. interacting. and learning- even if it’s merely about how to acquire to the following degree of the game. Because of their submergence in this computerized universe. kids absorb information otherwise from their parents. Alternatively of following information passively from get downing to end- as people tend to make with telecasting shows. newspapers. and books- children interact with the new engineerings. Schools now have an chance to use the information engineerings that are so effectual outside the schoolroom for educational intents. Taking advantage of these new engineerings will necessitate profound alterations in the functions of instructors. pupils. and schools. Alternatively of being the depository of cognition. instructors will be ushers who help pupils to voyage through electronically accessible information. They will utilize the new engineerings to construct webs with each other. with parents and pupils. with academic and industrial experts. and with other professionals. Turning chance into world requires four of import alterations: Industry must develop educational devices from relatively low-price game hardware and package. thereby dramatically take downing the costs of educational engineering. Communities and authorities should include technological alteration when puting the docket for systemic alteration in instruction. Software-makers must bind the content of their merchandises to quality information and to the national instruction criterions as they are implemented. Teachers must have extended preparation in how to utilize emerging information engineerings. Computers will non work out all the jobs of instruction ; many hard issues will stay. But the new information engineerings provide an unprecedented chance to review how we educate our kids.

Chapter 12 Essays

Chapter 12 Essays Chapter 12 Essay Chapter 12 Essay Chapter 12 13 1. A sales manager collected the following data on salespersons’ annual sales and years of experience. Years of Annual Sales Salesperson Experience ($1000s) 1 1 80 2 3 97 3 4 92 4 4 102 5 6 103 6 8 111 7 10 119 8 10 123 9 11 117 10 13 136 a. Develop a scatter diagram for these data with years of experience as the independent variable. b. Develop an estimated regression equation that can be used to predict annual sales given the years of experience. c. Use the estimated regression equation to predict annual sales for a salesperson with nine years of experience. 2. Dianes Beauty Salon is currently hiring beauticians at its new location in a popular mall. Diane wants to know what commission percentage to pay the beauticians based on experience. A survey of 12 licensed beauticians was taken with the following results. Commission Years of Commission Years of Percentage (y) Experience (x) Percentage (y) Experience (x) 24 2 25 4 18 1 44 12 30 5 33 8 41 10 24 3 35 8 20 1 35 7 40 10 a. Find the least squares line equation. b. What percentage of the variation in commission percentage is explained by the variation in years of experience? . Interpret the coefficient value for years of experience in the least squares equation. d. Estimate the commission percentage for a beautician with 6 years of experience. 3. Jensen Tire Auto is in the process of deciding whether to purchase a maintenance con- tract for its new computer wheel alignment and balancing machine. Managers feel that maintenance expense should be related to usage, and they collected the follo wing information on weekly usage (hours) and annual maintenance expense (in hundreds of dollars). Want to get a price estimate for your Essay? Deadline Paper type Essay (Any Type) Admission Essay Annotated Bibliography Argumentative Essay Article Review Book/Movie Review Business Plan Case Study Coursework Creative Writing Critical Thinking Presentation or Speech Research Paper Research Proposal Term Paper Thesis Other Article (Any Type) Content (Any Type) Q&A Capstone Project Dissertation Lab Report Scholarship Essay Math Problem Statistic Project Research Summary Assignment Dissertation chapter Speech Dissertation chapter: Abstract Dissertation chapter: Introduction Dissertation chapter: Hypothesis Dissertation chapter: Literature Review Dissertation chapter: Methodology Dissertation chapter: Analysis/Results Dissertation chapter: Discussion Dissertation chapter: Conclusion Dissertation Proposal Thesis Statement Thesis Proposal Application Essay Pages 550 words(double spaced) 126 writers online Check Price A limited time offer! Get custom paper sample written according to your requirements urgent 3h delivery guaranteed Order now Chapter 12 Paper Hydrologists the scientists who study Earth’s waters, evapotranspiration A little less than two-thirds of the rain that falls on land evaporates back to the atmosphere from land surfaces and plant leaves The water balance coefficient is a general index of the availability of water in a particular region. It is calculated by subtracting potential evaporation from rainfall. In arid regions, water balance coefficientsare negative. In the world’s deserts, for example, they vary between –200 and –300 cm (–79 and –118 in.).In the humid rain forests of the world, water balance coefficients are positive and can exceed 400 cm (158 in.). In general, forests grow where water balance coefficients are positive; savannas, grasslands, and deserts are found in regions where coefficients are negative. A watershed is the area of land from which rainfall drains into a river or lake. Watersheds are also called drainage basins. Open watersheds are drained by rivers that eventually make their way to the sea. Closed watersheds are inland basins that do not drain to the sea. nonconsumptive uses Activities that use water and then return it to streams or aquifers are said to be this. Such as, hydroelectric power and wastewater in septic systems consumptive uses In other activities, such as irrigation and industrial cooling, a considerable amount of water evaporates into the atmosphere. These activities are said to be this because much of the water is not returned to streams or aquifers. water table the underground depth where rock and sediment are completely saturated with water. recharge zone is an area where water flows directly between the soil surface and the water table. unconfined Aquifers located beneath recharge zones are said to be this confined In other aquifers, groundwater is trapped between layers of comparatively impermeable rock or sediment; such aquifers are said to be this discharge zones Groundwater flows to the surface in these. In places where a confined aquifer meets the soil surface, water may flow out freely in a seep or spring. an artesian well Sometimes a well is drilled into a confined aquifer where the groundwater is under great pressure from the weight of the water above it. The pressure causes the water to rise above the confining layer, without the need for pumping. Such a well is called this. hydrophytes Some species of plants have adaptations that allow them to grow in these anaerobic soils; these plants are called these. Marshes are periodically or continuously flooded wetlands that are dominated by herbaceous plants, including grasses, rushes, reeds, and cattails. Swamps are dominated by shrubs or trees and fed by flowing water. Forested swamps are found in the broad floodplains of many of the world’s major rivers. Bogs The primary source of water in bogs is rainfall. Bogs are wetlands with peat deposits that support a variety of evergreen trees and shrubs. Fens are wetlands that are fed primarily by groundwater. They have peaty soils that typically support a variety of grasses and grasslike rushes, as well as occasional patches of woody vegetation. Florida Everglades Irrigation efficiency is the percentage of the water applied to fields that is actually used by crop plants.Agricultural scientists estimate that average irrigation efficiency of cropland is less than 40%. desalination The process of removing salts and other chemicals from seawater is called this. distillation boiling water and condensing the steam, reverse osmosis filtering water through a selective membrane

Literature Review & Project Specification Essay

Literature Review & Project Specification - Essay Example To date there are very few routes in the Internet that support fully ATM-based backbone transmission, fast routers, QoS (Quality of Service) services and/or un-congested bandwidth resources. Yet VOIP is already being used. VOIP can be viewed as an opportunistic parasite on the existing telephone system. This view will be further borne out as we examine other opportunities that have been seized by VOIP vendors. Circuit systems are not well suited for packetised data communications of the type that is generated by Internet services such as Web page retrieval. That is because a circuit-based network is not well suited for exchanges between rapidly changing endpoints. A fundamental limitation of a circuit-based network is that each user can connect to only one endpoint at a time. That is, by arrangement with the central office (by dialling a telephone number) the switch will be programmed to move every package of data you send from your conveyor belt to one other outgoing conveyor belt. There is no mechanism in this situation for individual packages to receive special treatment! Project Specification - Telephone or mobile is a technology that almost everyone uses in the home, at work or on the move. Traditionally, telephone is a simple one-to-one or one to many communication technology but it is now offered with enhancements that include video, chat, file passing and file sharing where suppliers are attempting to present a complete communication environment over mobile or landline. Due to his there is always a chance of misuse of communication via toll fraud. Toll fraud might be combated in several ways: user training, detection schemes, regular monitoring of internal extensions and issuing a personal authorization code for every employee according to the requirement and only then any long distance call be matured. Sending bills regularly to the employee and ensuring payment for the calls made for personal use. Intention - Educates on toll fraud and helps in its prevention. Project Title - Toll Fraud -Preventive Measures Project Topic Area Overview - Toll fraud and long distance calls abuse are the unauthenticated or illegal use of long distance telephone services offered by the legitimate companies. "They include not only those who steal authorization codes and use or sell them to others, but also any University employee who uses the University's long distance system for purposes other than official business" (ITS, 2006). It is against the rules and regulations of any legitimate telecom company to charge personal telephone calls to a company or some University account either by illegally using company's or University telephone authorization codes and company's or University credit cards. Their corresponding employers strictly subject this kind of unauthorized use of company's or University telephone system for toll calls to legal and disciplinary action. "Protect your company's internal telephone directory. Restrict use to employees only. Adopt strict distribution controls and penalties for failure to comply with the privacy requirements of your company. When finished with the directories, have them shredded" (Times Warner Telecom, 2006). According to Chen (2006) modern telephone system is "a newly defined protocol which supports all users but also is compatible with the current technology;